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What's the current situation in Sudan?

As of January 24, 2025, Sudan remains embroiled in a devastating civil war that began in April 2023, primarily between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The conflict has led to widespread violence, severe humanitarian crises, and significant international concern.

Recent Developments:

• International Sanctions and Accusations: The United States has imposed sanctions on Sudan's de facto president, Lt. Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, citing his role in obstructing humanitarian aid and targeting civilian infrastructure. This follows earlier sanctions against RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemedti, who has been accused of committing genocide in Darfur. The U.S. Treasury Department highlighted the SAF's airstrikes against civilian targets and the use of food blockades, contributing to a severe humanitarian crisis affecting millions. Source: WSJ

• Escalation of Violence: The RSF has intensified attacks in various regions, including a recent assault on El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur. Simultaneously, heavy fighting continues in Khartoum, exacerbating the already dire situation for civilians. Source: Middle East Eye

• Regional Impact: The conflict's repercussions have spilled over into neighboring South Sudan. Authorities there have suspended access to social media platforms for at least 30 days following the circulation of videos depicting the alleged killings of South Sudanese nationals in Sudan's El Gezira state. These videos have incited riots and revenge attacks, prompting measures to prevent further violence. Source: Reuters

Humanitarian Crisis:

• Displacement and Famine: The war has displaced over 14 million people and led to famine conditions in several areas. The United Nations reports that more than 1.5 million refugees have fled Sudan, with millions more internally displaced. The delivery of essential aid has been severely hampered by ongoing hostilities and deliberate obstructions. Source: Wikipedia

• Sexual Violence and Exploitation: There are widespread reports of sexual violence, particularly by RSF fighters. In displacement camps in Chad, Sudanese women have reported being forced into sexual exploitation by individuals, including humanitarian workers and local security forces, in exchange for basic necessities. Source: AP News

Community Resilience:

In response to the inadequate international aid and the collapse of governmental support, Sudanese communities have organized grassroots initiatives. Community kitchens and neighborhood-based Emergency Response Rooms have been established to provide food, medicine, and shelter to those in need, demonstrating remarkable resilience and solidarity amid the crisis. Source: The Guardian

International Involvement:

Countries like Türkiye have been identified as potential key players in mediating an end to Sudan's calamitous war, given their strategic interests and relationships in the region. Source: The EastAfrican

The situation in Sudan remains fluid, with ongoing violence and a deepening humanitarian crisis. International diplomatic efforts and humanitarian assistance are crucial to address the immediate needs and work towards a sustainable resolution to the conflict.